Definition The causative verb
is a common structure in English. It shows that somebody or something
is indirectly responsible for an action. The subject doesn't perform
the action it self, but causes someone or something else to do it instead.
Pinker, (1988).
Basic causative structures
in English.
There are two basic causative
structures. One is like an active, and the other is like a passive.
- Active causative verbs
This structure is used when someone causes something to happen, or when a person causes another one to take an action. Consider:- Railway station security had everyone show their tickets.
- The tutor made his students do an oral interpretation.
- I had Bill fix the van. I had the van fixed.
- Passive causative verbs
This structure is used to talk about having something done by another person/thing. Consider following example:- Ahmed had his house repaired after the Forgan war on Gaza last year.
- President Obama had his speech written by a very talented group of writers.
- In both cases, the person (Ahmed and President Obama) arranged for something (repairing a house and writing a speech) to be done by a third person.
The true causative is have, get, let, make, help
The Causative Verbs
-- Have --
-- Have --
We use this structure to talk about having something done by a third person. We want something to be done by somebody else.
Have is usually used for having something done by somebody who is naturally doing that job. For example, a mechanic, whose job is to repair cars, repairs your car or a hairdresser cuts your hair.
- I must have the mechanic check my car.
- You should have your hair cut by a hairdresser.
Tense Change: We can
change the tense
of the have.
- I have my car washed every Sunday.
- I must have my car washed every Sunday.
- I will have my car washed every Sunday.
- She has her car washed every Sunday.
- I had my car washed every Sunday.
- I have had my car washed every Sunday.
- I can have my car washed every Sunday.
- I am going to have my car washed every Sunday.
- I should have my car washed every Sunday.
- and to use more tenses and modals is possible.
There
are two forms of doing causative with "have", passive or active.
Active Form
Have
+ somebody + do (verb
1) +
something
In active form, we use somebody and base
form of the verb (verb
1) after the verb "have".
- Mary had the nurse check her temperature.
- I must have the mechanic check my car.
- We've had a web designer make our website.
- I have the cleaners wash the floor every day.
- She will have Taner paint the house.
- Please have your secretary fax me the letter.
Passive Form
Have
+ something + done (verb 3) + (by someone)
In passive form, we use
something
and past
participle of the verb (verb
3) after the
verb "have".
-
Mary had her temperature checked by the nurse.
-
I must have my car checked by the mechanic.
-
We've had our website made by a web designer.
-
I have the floor cleaned by the cleaners every day.
-
She will have the house painted by Tom.
-
Please have the letter faxed me by your secretary.
The Causative Verbs
-- Get --
-- Get --
We express the idea of somebody else to do something. We require something to be done by somebody else (by a third person).
Get is usually used for having something done by somebody whom you persuade or decieve. For example, you persuade a friend to do your homework,or your sister to clean your room.
- She always gets her sister to clean her room.
- I'm going to get Tom to do my homework.
Tense Change: We can
change the tense
of the "get".
- I get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.
- I must get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.
- Do you get your sister to wash your dirty clothes?
- Did you get your sister to wash your dirty clothes?
- I will get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.
- She gets her sister to wash her dirty clothes.
- I got my sister to wash my dirty clothes.
- I have got my sister to wash my dirty clothes.
- I can get my sister to wash my dirty clothes
- I am going to get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.
- I should get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.
- and
to use more tenses and modals is possible.
There are
two forms of doing causative with "get", passive or active.
Active Form
Get + somebody
+ to
do (verb 1)
+
something
In
active form, we use somebody and infinitive
form of the verb (to
+ verb) after the verb "have".
- She always gets her sister to clean her room.
- I'm going to get Tom to do my homework.
- I got my mother to iron my shirt.
- How can I get him to fix the watch.
- Maria has got her landlord to change the door.
- Shall we get the children to tidy the room?
Passive Form
Get +
something + done (verb 3) +
(by someone)
In
passive form, we use something and past
participle of the verb (verb
3) after the
verb "get".
-
She always gets her room cleaned by her sister.
-
I'm going to get my homework done by Tom.
-
I got my shirt ironed by my mother.
-
How can I get the watch fixed.
-
Maria has got the door changed by her landlord.
-
Shall we get the room tidied by the children?
The Causative Verbs
-- Let --
-- Let --
We use "let" causative verb to " allow somebody to do something". We give a permisson to somebody to do something. For example, you allow your son to go out at night, or the boss gives you a permission to leave work early.
- I never let my son go out at night.
- The boss let me leave work early today.
Tense Change: We can
change the tense
of the have.
- She never lets me drive her car.
- Will you please let me use your camera?
- Did your father let you come with us?
- She has just let the kids play in the garden.
- I can let you go to the cinema if you do your homework.
- I may let you borrow my bike, but you must promise to bring it tomorrow.
- and
to use more English tenses and modals is possible.
Form
Let + somebody
+ do (verb
1) +
something
In
the form, we use somebody
and base
form of the verb (verb
1) after the verb "let".
We don't use
"to - infinitive".
Example Sentences:
-
Teddy never lets me
todrive his new car. -
Will your parents let you go to the cinema?
-
I think my boss will let me take the day off.
-
He didn't let me use his camera.
- Has the teacher let you go home early?
*** The difference between "let" and "allow"
-
The teacher didn't let the students use a pen.The teacher didn't allow the students to use a pen. (with "allow", we use "to" before the verb)
-
My mother doesn't let me wear her skirt.My mother doesn't allow me to wear her skirt.
The Causative Verbs
-- make --
-- make --
Make is used to force somebody else to do something. We require something to be done by somebody else (by a third person) by using power, influence or authority.
Meaning 1
Make causative verb is usually used for having something done by somebody whom you force or influence. For example, a police officer stops your car,or your mother forces you to clean your room.
- The police officer made the man pull over.
- Her boss made her work on Saturday and Sunday.
Meaning 2
Also, Make causative verb means " to cause".
- The film made me cry a lot.
- Slow music makes me sleep.
- The birthday surprise made him forget his sadness.
Tense Change: We can
change the tense
of the "make".
- His father made him clean the car.
- My mother makes me cook at weekends.
- A police officer can make us stop.
- You should make your son clean his own room.
- The Commander has made soldiers et up early.
- Did the teacher make you do your homework?
- I think she will make you stay
here all day.
- and
to use more tenses and modals is possible.
There are
two forms of doing causative with "make", passive or active.
Active Form
Make +
somebody +
do (verb 1)
+
something
In
active form, we use somebody and base
form of the verb (
verb) after the verb "make". We don't use "to -
infinitive".
-
I made my daughter
todo her homework last night. -
His illness has made him stay all day long.
-
The teacher made me apologize for that rude behaviour.
-
The police make the cars stop and check every day.
-
I think the doctor will make my mother come and see him every five days.
-
Did somebody make you wear that funny t-shirt?
Passive Form
Subject + was
/ were + done (verb 3) +
(by someone)
In
passive form, we use was
were and past
participle of the verb (verb
3)
- I was made to cry a lot by the film. (The film made me cry a lot.)
- Tom was made to laugh a lot by my son. (My son made Tom laugh a lot.)
The Causative Verbs
-- help --
-- help --
HELP = assist someone in doing something
Grammatical structure:- HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form)
- HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB
- He helped me carry the boxes.
- He helped me to carry the boxes.
- Reading before bed helps me relax.
- Reading before bed helps me to relax.
Source :
http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/wamer/files/2010/02/causative-verbs.ppt.
www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/causatives-with-verb-have.html
www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/get-causative-lesson.html
www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/let-causatives-verbs.html
http://www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/make-verb-as-causative.html
http://www.espressoenglish.net/causative-verbs-in-english-let-make-have-get-help/
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