Causative Verbs Article

Definition The causative verb is a common structure in English. It shows that somebody or something is indirectly responsible for an action. The subject doesn't perform the action it self, but causes someone or something else to do it instead. Pinker, (1988). 

Basic causative structures in English.
There are two basic causative structures. One is like an active, and the other is like a passive. 

1. Active causative verbs
   This structure is used when someone causes something to happen, or when a person causes another one to take an action. Consider:
   • Railway station security had everyone show their tickets.
   • The tutor made his students do an oral interpretation.
   • I had Bill fix the van. I had the van fixed.
    
2. Passive causative verbs
   This structure is used to talk about having something done by another person/thing. Consider following example:
   
   • Ahmed had his house repaired after the Forgan war on Gaza last year.
   • President Obama had his speech written by a very talented group of writers.
   • In both cases, the person (Ahmed and President Obama) arranged for something (repairing a house and writing a speech) to be done by a third person.

 The true causative is have, get, let, make, help

The Causative Verbs
-- Have --

We use this structure to talk about having something done by a third person. We want something to be done by somebody else.

Have is usually used for having something done by somebody who is naturally doing that job. For example, a mechanic, whose job is to repair cars, repairs your car or a hairdresser cuts your hair.

• I must have the mechanic check my car. 

• You should have your hair cut by a hairdresser.

---

Tense Change: We can change the tense of the have.

• I have my car washed every Sunday.
• I must have my car washed every Sunday.
• I will have my car washed every Sunday.
• She has her car washed every Sunday.
• I had my car washed every Sunday.
• I have had my car washed every Sunday.
• I can have my car washed every Sunday.
• I am going to have my car washed every Sunday.
• I should have my car washed every Sunday.
• and to use more tenses and modals is possible.
  

---

There are two forms of doing causative with "have", passive or active.

                                          Active Form

Have + somebody +  do (verb 1)  +  something

In active form, we use somebody and  base form of the verb (verb 1) after the verb "have".

• Mary had the nurse check her temperature.

• I must have the mechanic check my car. 

• We've had a web designer make our website.

• I have the cleaners wash the floor every day. 

• She will have Taner paint the house. 

• Please have your secretary fax me the letter.

---

                                             Passive  Form

Have + something + done (verb 3) +  (by someone)

In passive form, we use something and  past participle of the verb (verb 3) after the verb "have".

• Mary had her temperature checked by the nurse.

• I must have my car checked by the mechanic.
• We've had our website made by a web designer.
• I have the floor cleaned by the cleaners every day.
• She will have the house painted by Tom.
• Please have the letter faxed me by your secretary.

The Causative Verbs
-- Get --

We express the idea of somebody else to do something. We require something to be done by somebody else (by a third person).

Get is usually used for having something done by somebody whom you persuade or decieve. For example, you persuade  a friend to do your homework,or your sister to clean your room.

• She always gets her sister to clean her room.

• I'm going to get Tom to do my homework.

---

Tense Change: We can change the tense of the "get".

• I get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.

• I must get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.

• Do you get your  sister to wash your dirty clothes?

• Did you get your  sister to wash your dirty clothes?

• I will get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.

• She gets her sister to wash her dirty clothes.

• I got my sister to wash my dirty clothes.

• I have got my sister to wash my dirty clothes.

• I can get my sister to wash my dirty clothes

• I am going to get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.

• I should get my sister to wash my dirty clothes.

• and to use more tenses and modals is possible.
  

---

There are two forms of doing causative with "get", passive or active.

                                          Active Form

Get + somebody + to do (verb 1)  +  something

In active form, we use somebody and   infinitive form of the verb (to + verb) after the verb "have".

• She always gets her sister to clean her room.

• I'm going to get Tom to do my homework.

• I got my mother to iron my shirt.

• How can I get him to fix the watch. 

• Maria has got her landlord to change the door.

• Shall we get the children to tidy the room?

---

                                             Passive  Form

Get + something + done (verb 3) +  (by someone)

In passive form, we use something and  past participle of the verb (verb 3) after the verb "get".

• She always gets her room cleaned by her sister.

• I'm going to get my homework done by Tom.
• I got my shirt ironed by my mother.
• How can I get the watch fixed.
• Maria has got the door changed by her landlord.
• Shall we get the room tidied by the children?
  
  

The Causative Verbs
-- Let --

We use "let" causative verb to " allow somebody to do something". We give a permisson to somebody to do something. For example, you allow your son to go out at night, or the boss gives you a permission to leave work early.

• I never let my son go out at night. 

• The boss let me leave work early today.

---

Tense Change: We can change the tense of the have.

• She never lets me drive her car.

• Will you please let me use your camera?

• Did your father let you come with us?

• She has just let the kids play in the garden.

• I can let you go to the cinema if you do your homework.

• I may let you borrow my bike, but you must promise to bring it tomorrow.

• and to use more English tenses and modals is possible.
  

---

                                           Form

Let + somebody +  do (verb 1)  +  something

In the form, we use somebody and base form of the verb (verb 1) after the verb "let".  We don't use "to - infinitive".

Example Sentences:

• Teddy  never lets me    to     drive his new car.
• Will your parents let you go to the cinema?
• I think my boss will let me take the day off.
• He didn't let me use his camera.

• Has the teacher let you go home early?
  

*** The difference between "let" and "allow"

• The teacher didn't let the students use a pen.
  The teacher didn't allow the students to use a pen. (with "allow", we use "to" before the verb)
• My mother doesn't let me wear her skirt.
  My mother doesn't allow me to wear her skirt.

The Causative Verbs
-- make --

Make is used to force  somebody else to do something. We require something to be done by somebody else (by a third person) by using power, influence or authority.

Meaning 1

Make causative verb is usually used for having something done by somebody whom you force or influence. For example, a police officer stops your car,or your mother forces you to clean your room.

• The police officer made the man pull over.

• Her boss made her work on Saturday and Sunday.

Meaning 2
Also, Make causative verb means " to cause".

• The film made me cry a lot.

• Slow music makes me sleep.

• The birthday surprise made him forget his sadness.

---

Tense Change: We can change the tense of the "make".

• His father made him clean the car.

• My mother makes me cook at weekends.

• A police officer can make us stop.

• You should make your son clean his own room.

• The Commander has made soldiers et up early.

• Did the teacher make you do your homework?

• I think she will make you stay here all day.
  

• and to use more tenses and modals is possible.
  

---

There are two forms of doing causative with "make", passive or active.

                                          Active Form

Make + somebody +  do (verb 1)  +  something

In active form, we use somebody and   base form of the verb ( verb) after the verb "make". We don't use "to - infinitive".

• I made my daughter    to   do her homework last night.
• His illness has made him stay all day long.
• The teacher made me apologize for that rude behaviour.
• The police make the cars stop and check every day.
• I think the doctor will make my mother come and see him every five days.
• Did somebody make you wear that funny t-shirt?

---

                                             Passive  Form

Subject + was / were + done (verb 3) +  (by someone)

In passive form, we use was were and  past participle of the verb (verb 3) 

• I was made to cry a lot by the film.   (The film made me cry a lot.)

• Tom was made to laugh a lot by my son.  (My son made Tom laugh a lot.)

The soldiers were made to wait in the garden.

The Causative Verbs
-- help --

HELP = assist someone in doing something

Grammatical structure:

• HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form)
• HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB

After “help,” you can use “to” or not – both ways are correct. In general, the form without “to” is more common:

• He helped me carry the boxes.
• He helped me to carry the boxes.
• Reading before bed helps me relax.
• Reading before bed helps me to relax.

Source :
http://site.iugaza.edu.ps/wamer/files/2010/02/causative-verbs.ppt.
www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/causatives-with-verb-have.html
www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/get-causative-lesson.html
www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/let-causatives-verbs.html
http://www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/intermediate/causative/make-verb-as-causative.html
http://www.espressoenglish.net/causative-verbs-in-english-let-make-have-get-help/

Read More

Business English 2 Assignment Part III

Exercise 32 : Enough

1. People enough
2. French enough
3. Enough time
4. Fast enough
5. Soon enough
6. Enough early
7. Hard enough
8. Slowly enough
9. Enough flour
10. Books enough

Exercise 33 : Bacause/Because Of

1. Because of
2. Because of
3. Because of
4. Because
5. Because
6. Because
7. Because of
8. Because of
9. Because of
10. Because of

Exercise 34 : So/Such

1. So
2. Such
3. Such
4. So
5. So
6. So
7. Such
8. So
9. So
10. Such
11. So
12. So
13. Such
14. So
15. So

Exercise 35 : Passive Voice

1. The president is called by somebody every day.
2. The other members are being called by John.
3. Mr. Watson will be called by somebody tonight.
4. Considerable damage has been caused by the fire.
5. The Supplies should be bought be the teacher for this class.

Exercise 36 : Causative Verbs

1. Leave
2. Repaired
3. Typed
4. Call
5. Painted
6. Write
7. Lie
8. Send 
9. Cut
10. Signed
11. Leave
12. Washed
13. To fix
14. Published
15. To find

Read More